HERMENEUTIK FEMINIS KEPEMIMPINAN DAN SOLIDARITAS PEREMPUAN MENURUT MARIA, DEBORA, RUT
Keywords:
hermeneutik feminis, kepemimpinan perempuan, solidaritas perempuan, Maria, Debora, Rut, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, teologi feminis IndonesiaAbstract
Abstract: This study aims to develop Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza's feminist hermeneutics (suspicion, memory, and liberation) to reread the stories of Mary (Luke 1:46-55), Deborah (Judges 4-5), and Ruth (Book of Ruth) as sources of inspiration for women's leadership and solidarity in the patriarchal context of the Indonesian church and society. This qualitative library research identifies a gap: previous studies only discuss one figure or use a partial feminist approach, without reconstructing an integrative and contextual model. Through three steps of feminist hermeneutics, this study reveals that patriarchal interpretations have domesticated Mary as a passive figure, viewed Deborah's leadership as a "divine exception", and reduced Ruth to a tool of male genealogy. After passing through the hermeneutics of suspicion (uncovering bias), memory (restoring her-story), and liberation (reconstructing praxis), this study reconstructs three complementary models of women's leadership: spiritual-narrative (Mary), structural-judicial (Deborah), and relational-solidarity based on hesed (Ruth). These three models show that the Bible provides theological legitimacy for women's leadership and solidarity across ethnic, age, status, and social class boundaries. The findings are highly relevant for the Indonesian church, still dominated by androcentric interpretations, offering a theological-practical framework for women's empowerment, hermeneutical renewal, and gender-just policies in ecclesiastical and broader societal spheres.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan hermeneutik feminis Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (kecurigaan, ingatan, dan pembebasan) untuk membaca ulang kisah Maria (Lukas 1:46--55), Debora (Hakim-hakim 4--5), dan Rut (Kitab Rut) sebagai sumber inspirasi kepemimpinan dan solidaritas perempuan dalam konteks patriarki gereja dan masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka ini mengidentifikasi kesenjangan bahwa kajian sebelumnya hanya membahas satu figur atau menggunakan pendekatan feminis secara parsial, tanpa rekonstruksi model yang integratif dan kontekstual. Melalui tiga langkah hermeneutik feminis, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa penafsiran patriarkal selama ini mendomestikasi Maria sebagai figur pasif, memandang kepemimpinan Debora sebagai "pengecualian ilahi", serta mereduksi Rut menjadi alat genealogi laki-laki. Setelah melewati hermeneutik kecurigaan (mengungkap bias), ingatan (memulihkan her-story), dan pembebasan (rekonstruksi praksis), penelitian ini merekonstruksi tiga model kepemimpinan perempuan yang saling melengkapi: spiritual-naratif (Maria), struktural-yudisial (Debora), dan relasional-solidaritas berbasis hesed (Rut). Ketiga model ini menunjukkan bahwa Alkitab menyediakan legitimasi teologis bagi kepemimpinan dan solidaritas perempuan lintas batas etnis, usia, status, dan kelas sosial. Temuan ini sangat relevan bagi gereja Indonesia yang masih didominasi interpretasi androsentris, karena menawarkan kerangka teologis-praktis untuk pemberdayaan perempuan, pembaruan hermeneutika, dan kebijakan gender-just di lingkup gerejawi maupun masyarakat luas.
Downloads
References
Cameron, C. L. 2017. "Young Women Imaging God: Educating for a Prophetic Imagination in Catholic Girls' Schools." Doctoral dissertation, Boston College.
Claassens, L. J. 2024. "Feminist Biblical Interpretation." In B. N. Wolfe et al. (Eds.), St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews.
Gerstein, S. 2012. "Feminist Biblical Interpretation." Capstone project.
Juma, D. 2024. "Feminist Cultural Hermeneutics and a Theology of Women Empowerment: Musimbi R. A. Kanyoro's Global Pilgrimages of Justice." In L. Maseno, E. Mombi, N. Muke, & U. a. Nagaju (Eds.), Queen of Sheba: East and Central African Women's Theologies, 117--134. University of Bamberg Press
Komban, R. 2016. "Naomi and Ruth: Biblical Feminine Paradigms for the Formation of a Just and Compassionate Society." Journal of Dharma 41, no. 1: 87--106.
Lin, Y.-F. 2018. "Using a Feminist Interpretation of the Bible's Book of Ruth to Address Taiwanese Female Pastors' Financial Autonomy and Self-Esteem." Psychology 9: 2353--2367.
Mahardika, A. P. P., and L. P. Tanjung. 2024. "Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Gereja: Membongkar Mitos dan Meninjau Realitas." MEDIA: Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi 5, no. 2: 181--204.
Nortey, A. 2015. "Ruth and Naomi's Relationship: A Partnership Built on Chesed." Master's thesis, University of Cape Coast.
Parengkuan, S. G. C. 2023. "Menafsir Kisah Lea dalam Kitab Kejadian 29:16-35 dari Perspektif Feminis." SOPHIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. 2: 103--119.
Park, H. K. 2022. "Mothers' Prayers and Korean Feminist Minjung Theology: The Hermeneutical Encounters among Hannah, Mary, and Lee So Seon." Madang 37: 52--81.
Patandianan, D., Herlin, T. I. T. Allo, L. Tawang, and Agustina. 2025. "Kepemimpinan Profetik Debora dalam Menyoroti Peran Perempuan sebagai Pemimpin di Masa Kini." HUMANITIS: Jurnal Humaniora, Sosial dan Bisnis 3, no. 1: 237--248.
Patty, B. A. 2023. "Doa Ibu Kami; Kajian Kristologi Feminis." KENOSIS: Jurnal Kajian Teologi 9, no. 2: 189--201. .
Pranoto, M. M. 2018. "Selayang Pandang tentang Teologi Feminis dan Metode Berteologinya." Jurnal ABDIEL 2, no. 1: 1--18.
Rusmanto, A., and M. H. J. Huwae. 2022. "Hermeneutik Feminis terhadap Narasi Kitab Rut 1:16; Karakter, Perkataan, Tindakan dan Kesetiaan." Saint Paul's Review 2, no. 2: 83--98.
Soriano, L. D. A. 2025. "Women's Bonds and Chance Encounters: An Analogical Reading of the Book of Ruth and Joshua Marston's Film Maria Full of Grace." Journal of Religion & Film 29, no. 2, Article 5.
Trible, P. 1985. "Five Loaves and Two Fishes: Feminist Hermeneutics and Biblical Theology." Theological Studies 50, no. 2: 279--295.
Wassar, S. 2021. "Tinjauan Teologi Pelayanan Perempuan." Apokalupsis: Jurnal Teologi, Pendidikan Kristen dan Musik Gerejawi 12, no. 1: 19--32.
Wibowo, D. M., and A. B. Setyobekti. 2024. "Feminisme dan Teologinya: Interpretasi Hosea 4:6 di Era Postmodern." RITORNERA: Jurnal Teologi Pentakosta Indonesia 4, no. 3: 152--163.
Wicaksono, A., A. A. W. Kurniawan, and Iswahyudi. 2021. "The Role of Women in the Work of Salvation through the Figures of Mary and Elisabeth according to Luke Chapters 1--2." RERUM: Journal of Biblical Practice 1, no. 1: 77--100.
Wospakrik, M. M. 2025. "Perempuan dalam Teologi Kristen: Perspektif Teologi Feminis." Murai: Jurnal Papua Teologi Kontekstual 6, no. 2: 159--166.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 EKKLESIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








